Mcdonald’s in India Essay

McDonald’s in India McDonald’s uses a multidomestic strategy in India. This can be seen from its use of local suppliers, its adaptive pricing strategies and the removal of the company’s representative product, the â€Å"Big Mac†, and replacing it with a range of new products specifically catered to the Indian culture and preferences. Unlike in other countries, a large proportion of Indians do not eat pork or beef, and many others are vegetarians. It is therefore practically impossible for McDonald’s to succeed with its international line of products such as the big Mac, which focuses on beef products. Moreover, with each household spending more than 50% of income on food and beverages, and more than 70% of the population earning less than $2,000 annually, the company’s usual target segment of the middle-class households is unable to afford its products. Hence, it can be seen that McDonald’s needs a high level of responsiveness and adaptation to the Indian market. In addition, the company opted to enter the market as joint ventures with local managers, clearly showing no need of global integration, but rather, emphasis on local adaptability. Attractiveness of the Fast Food Industry in India Factor Conditions in India Indian Culture Affecting the Demand of Specific Foods Inefficient Food Chain and Distribution Systems Chance Government Policies Porter’s Diamond Model Attractiveness of the Fast Food Industry in India Factor Conditions in India Indian Culture Affecting the Demand of Specific Foods Inefficient Food Chain and Distribution Systems Chance Government Policies Porter’s Diamond Model McDonald’s strategy is highly effective in India. McDonald’s success thus far in India is attributable to the factors as analysed in Porter’s Diamond Model. An important factor for the success of McDonald’s was its reliable distribution channels for supplies from local suppliers. As the food chain and distribution channels in India were inefficient, and imports were taxed at a staggering 65%, it was important that McDonald’s obtain its raw materials from local suppliers, but at the same time ensure that the supplies were of good quality, and were delivered efficiently. This would be necessary to ensure that the company maintains a high standard of quality, while at the same time ensuring low costs of production. Given the state of the agricultural industry and the high import taxes in the country, setting up a reliable distribution channel for McDonald’s creates a valuable resource that is rare, costly to imitate, and non-substitutable. It hence creates a sustainable competitive advantage for McDonald’s in India. Another important factor of success is the pricing adopted by McDonald’s. Unlike in other parts of the world, the consumers in India are highly price sensitive to food, since more than half of their income is spent on food. Thus, it was important that McDonald’s sets acceptable prices for their products in India. This was not an easy task, as the company had to set a price that was affordable to the Indians, but at the same time, not undercut its profit margin. Hence, the company relied heavily on local management for the operations of the business. Not only did it enhance the company’s responsiveness to the local needs, it also allowed the company to understand the culture of the Indians better. Fitting the company’s values into the culture of the country is especially crucial to the survival and success of McDonald’s in India, since the very nature of food products McDonald’s deals with may conflict with the cultural beliefs of Hindus, who make up the majority of Indian population. Besides seeking out opportunities, McDonald’s has also successfully dealt with the threats, especially those of the environmentalist groups. As there were many vocal environmental and animal activists in India, they posed a substantial threat to the company’s business. Further, these groups also campaigned that fast-food joints were anti-poor and cater only to the rich segment. This was especially threatening to the company, since the majority of Indians were not well-to-do. In response, McDonald’s products were aptly priced to be affordable to the general public. In addition, they introduced healthier products (such as the toasted McCurry Pan), an also actively participates in many community-involvement programmes, which are largely directed towards children. Since India is in the stage of population growth, the proportion of children is especially high. This strategy hence allows McDonald’s to increase its popularity amongst households with children. Moreover, it also fits well with McDonald’s culture of focusing on children. While McDonald’s strategy in India has been effective thus far, there are challenges it continues to face. Currently, McDonald’s is situated only in a few metropolitan cities, where the crowds are more familiar with American products, and are willing to try these products. However, with the development of India, McDonald’s has to expand to other cities to reach out to the rest of the nation. With the highly regional culture of the country, it has to continuously develop its products which are able to cater to the unique preferences of the consumers. This is important to the company’s continued success in the country. Besides, the company also has to ensure that it continues to garner political support. As the country has many activists groups and extremist religious groups, it is important that McDonald’s has the support of the government in order to ensure that the operations are able to continue in times of chaos.

St. Maria Goretti

St. Maria Goretti: Small but Mighty For little kids, they have a sense of innocence to them. Not really knowing between right and wrong. Not realizing that there is bad in the world. Kids are kept sheltered until they eventually learn to discover the real world. There comes a time when they know that the world is not all good, because it has taken advantage of his or her innocence. Sometimes they don’t understand it, sometimes they try to understand it but just can’t, sometimes they just have to accept it with no answers. St. Maria Goretti’s life was cut short; she had been taken advantage of, yet begin so young, so refused to give into sin.According to The Book of Saints, published by The Regina Press, St. Maria Goretti was born in Corinaldo, Italy on October 16, 1890 to Luigi Goretti and Assunta Carlini. Her father was a farm l and her laborer and her family was very poor. Her father moved his wife and five kids to Ferriere de Conca in hopes of better work. The re he died of malaria, and Maria was only 9 years old. A mother with 6 kids, and struggling to survive, the family moved onto the Serenelli farm where they worked. On July 5, 1902, an 18 year old named Alessandro Serenelli attacked Maria trying to rape her.Telling him she’s rather die than give into his commands, angrily he stabbed her 14 times with a long dagger. Maria’s family found her and rushed her to the hospital. She lived for another 24 hours and died holding a crucifix, a medal of the Blessed Virgin Mary, and had forgiven her attacker and asked God to forgive him too. Instead of being filled with anger, she prayer for Alexandro to find peace and for her family to be provided for. She had died before even turning 12 (Hoagland & Angelini). Even though she had died very young she was a great influence after she died.Catholic Online states, Alexandro was sentenced to thirty years in prison. He was unrepentant and did not find peace; he could not find remorse for h imself or for Maria’s family. Up until he had a dream, in which Maria had appeared to him. He was in a garden, where Maria has came to him and gave him a bouquet of lilies. He woke up a changed man. He turned his life around and began repenting. Twenty seven years after Maria appeared to him he was released. He had gone directly to Maria's mother and begged for her forgiveness. This was not easy for her, but she eventually she forgave him, and said which she gave. If my daughter can forgive him, who am I to withhold forgiveness† (Catholic Online). According to American Catholic, In 1947, present at her beatification was her mother, two sisters and a brother who all stood with Pope Pius XII on the balcony of St. Peter’s Square. Three years later, at her canonization, in less than half a century after Maria’s death she was canonized by Pope Pius XII on July 25, 1950. Alexandro Serenelli was 66 years old and knelt among the quarter-million people and cried te ars of joy. For being so young, she moved the many people of Italy. (American Catholic). St.Maria Goretti is the ultimate example of moral fidelity and goodness. She’d rather die than give into Alexandro’s commands. Not to mention that she was only 11 years old, and made a strong and exemplary decision. She knew the actions were wrong, and came against what she believed in and she stood up for it. She knew she could have given into Alexandro’s demands in order for her to service, but she didn’t. She had such a strong faith in God and trusted him enough to give up her own life for the greater glory of God. Even though she ended up a martyr she is an example for all people, especially young teenage girls.She is an example of stand for one’s morals and forgiving those who have wronged against us. Being a teenage girl, St. Maria Goretti is definitely someone I would go to and ask for advice. Hopefully I will never be in a situation like St. Maria Goret ti, but girls like she and I face the very same problem every day. Since society and the media these days are suggesting teenage girls should look a certain way, or dress like this or that, wear certain clothes, and girls should act a certain way. If not, they don’t belong, they’re not considered beautiful the way they are, and they’re considered outcasts.Society and the media constantly shove the idea that sex can get you anywhere, such as by the way you look. Media constantly shows potential â€Å"role models† that girls and women should strive to be like. The saying, â€Å"sex sells† is very true in our time. Being a teenage girl I feel the pressure for all teenagers is that in order to get a guy to like them they have to lower their morals and standards but raise their shirts and completely change themselves. St. Maria Goretti would be an excellent advice giver on how to stand and stay strong for who you are and not giving in to he demands of s ex, or even just advice to not give into peer pressure so easily. I was so shocked to have found out that St. Maria Goretti had died at such a young age, yet she faced the scariest thing any girl could dream of. With such innocence she stayed so strong in her faith, and forgave so easily, at her death bed all she was concerned about was the well being of her family and her attacker, which I find very admirable. To me St. Maria Goretti’s life represents all the everyday actions in my life. Her sacrifice ties in with my decision making.Her sort life makes me want to life my life to the fullest, but to live it right. I know growing up in this society is hard and confusing; this world has good people and bad people. Like St. Maria Goretti I want to have the courage to choose good and stand up against evil, and not only that, but have my own strength to forgive those who have wronged me. I want to keep my morals and beliefs straight and life my life the way God has called me to li ve. St. Maria Goretti’s life will help my life and moral journey by remembering to stay strong and do what is right, no matter what the cost may be.St. Maria Goretti Biography says, â€Å"She led a very ordinary life. But in spite of herof her simplicity, her great faith and love for God made her truly extraordinary† (St. Maria Goretti) Kids have this special intuition. They know when something is wrong and when something is right. They know, and no words would have to be spoken. They themselves might not understand the whole situation themselves. But they know a difference between a good and bad feeling. St. Maria Goretti died at a very young age, in a horrible way.She was too young to understand why Alexandro wanted to harm her, but she knew it was the right thing to do not to give into his orders. She knew it was right to trust God. Works Cited Hoagland, Victor, and George Angelini. The book of saints: the lives of the saints according to the Liturgical calendar. Fa rmingdale, NY: Regina Press, 1986. Print. â€Å"St. Maria Goretti. † The American Catholic,Web. 17 Nov. 2011. â€Å"St. Maria Goretti†¦ Pray For Us!. † St. Maria Goretti†¦ Pray For Us!. Web. 20 Nov. 2011. â€Å"St. Maria Goretti – Saints & Angels – Catholic Online. † Catholic Online. Web. 20 Nov. 2011.

Notarial practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Notarial practice - Essay Example Thus, the Attorney General of Hawaii, which oversees the notarial practice in that state, strongly warns notaries against performing the notarial act unless they are absolutely satisfied that the document they are certifying is true and correct. This calls for the trained eye of a newspaper editor who is quick to spot grammatical errors, misspelled names and places and reports initiated by PR hacks. If such inaccuracies slip through the editor's attention, he and his newspaper will have a price to pay. The consequences are worse for a notary who mistakenly validates or notarizes an untruthful and incomplete document. Once the document up for certification is determined to be above board, the next logical step for the notary is to ascertain the identity, authenticity and will of the person who will sign the document. The cardinal rule in notarial practice is that the document's signatory must appear in person before the notary. The law is quite equivocal in this regard. In the US state of Maryland, for example, its Secretary of State expressly forbids the notarization of the signature of a person who has not appeared before the notary. If the notary has personal knowledge of the signer, this makes his job a lot easier. In such a case, his personal guarantee of the identity and authenticity of the person is embodied in the notarial clause that says: "'John Doe is known to me to be the person described in and who executed the foregoing instrument." If the notary has no personal knowledge of the signer, it is his responsibility to check the person's identity. The law is so stern about this identification process that it is not enough that the signatory to the document is known to the notary personally or makes an appearance before the notary. Common sense dictates that you cannot always trust the intentions of even people of your acquaintance. They may be what they say they are, or sign the document in the presence of the notary, but are they entering into the notarial act on their own free will' Don't they harbor any mental reservations about the document' It is the responsibility of the notary to find this out. On the effort to determine the identity of the person involved, it behooves the notary to double check the person's identity through a "competent evidence of identity." This refers to a valid identification document issued by a legally constituted establishment or agency bearing the photograph and signature of the individual. (Supreme Court of the Philippines) An evidence of identity that could satisfy a notary is a driver's license, a passport, a social security card or a voter's ID. But in the notarial imperative, even these documents do not by themselves constitute a complete and competent evidence of identity. The possibility always exists that the identification document being presented to a notary may be forged or adulterated. It takes an expert eye nowadays to detect the difference between an authentic document and a well-executed forgery. So to be absolutely sure, a good notary seeks a match between the picture in the identification document and the actual appearance of his client, and between the signature in the ID and the signature the person executes in the

Explanatory Synthesis Materials Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Explanatory Synthesis Materials - Essay Example The human brain is under the influence of ever-expanding world of new technology. There is internet, Bluetooth links, video games, multichannel television, and MP3 players. This article describes how online technologies have changed how people experience life in the digital age using the concepts derived from â€Å"In the Beginning Was the Word† by Christine Rosen, â€Å"Treading Water in a Sea of Data† by Peter Suderman, and â€Å"The Tweets for the Web† by Tyler Cowen. According to Cowen, the advent of computer and the internet has significantly changed the way people think and solve problems. With the technology, people are capable of performing various activities at once within a short period of time. This is referred to as multitasking (Cowen 578). In the Nineteenth Century, people spent too much time looking for a small piece of information in books, articles, encyclopedias and atlases. With the internet, it only takes people less than one minute to look fo r a piece of information. The Web also helps people to develop broader intellectual narrative about the world (Cowen 579). Cowen argues that multitasking makes people more efficient in performing their tasks than the manual way, unlike other researches that criticize that it lowers people’s cognitive performance level to that of drunk (Cowen 580). Multitasking has thus become people’s daily activity, and it does not distract people from their main activities as some people suggest. Internet and technological advancements have become part of people’s lives. It is never a long-distance relationship, as it was earlier perceived. People can instantly access books and other reference materials from the Web. Most people currently prefer contemporary culture, which is satisfying and contributes to happiness of most people. This is the reason why most people choose technologies that provide immediate and extreme access to information (Cowen 577). Browsers have evolved f rom mere picture windows for viewing Web pages, to a frame of an array of applications which filter, sort and manipulate information for its human users. According to Suderman, these applications assist users to stay afloat as the vast tide of information continues to increase (Suderman 585). There are programs of blog and news updates. This program pulls information from varied sources and organizes it into a single Web page which is easily accessible. The news headlines are organized into categories such as technology, politics, business, economics, arts and entertainment. The other programs are designed to facilitate personal communications. These include social networking sites like Twitter, MySpace and Facebook, and email applications (Suderman 585). Internet and technological advancements just like most commercial developments are geared to be brighter, louder, and overwhelming to engage users, attentions. The availability of personal computers, tablets, iPhones and other devi ces has made reading easier and more appealing than before. People in the current generation find reading books difficult, and most of the readings and research works are done through the internet (Suderman 586). Suderman argues that the informational rhythms of the present time sometimes make people forget that as much as they manage the information, they should also manage themselves. Rosen in her article strives to understand the cognitive difference between reading online and offline.

Global business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Global business - Essay Example Particularly this discussion will be looking at the issues that American businesses going in Russia need to understand in order to formulate effective entry strategy. These two countries have major cultural difference in language, authority, customs and norms thus conducting businesses in Russia present a communication and management challenge. Communication is essential for any business, Russia unlike America has several official language due to the large number of ethnic communities of about one hundred (Bloshteyn, 2007). This will need the company to have people who understand a variety of these ethnic languages while in US English is their official language. Body language help to convey certain messages like nodding the head to show agreement Russians do not use body language as such like Americans do but are said to be very emotion for instance they can walk out on you during a meeting to show disagreement. Authority in Russia is centralized and chain of commands are from top to bottom and the juniors staff are expected to perform their tasks without any questioning while the Americans top managers give directions and give room for debating. Russians organizational structures are very bureaucratic in nature and this makes it difficult to do business for instance according to an executive director of Russo-British commerce chamber Stephen Danziel, ‘‘you have to fill forms for all most everything and have them signed by the right authorities usually in triplicate’’. According to Trompenaars & Woolliams ( 2003), culture is the core value of any society, businesses have to understand the cultural background of the customer in order to be able to meet their needs. The ideologies and gender views of these two countries are different, Russians are seen as communalism and believe in collectivity while Americans are entrepreneurship and very competitive. Therefore Amer icans businesses need to be aware of these background which will enable the

Congress Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Congress - Essay Example That Congress was able to preserve the stability and cultural consolidation of the American state and to improve the rights of the minors can be fairly regarded as its basic achievements; however, there is still much room for improving the quality and effectiveness of its decisions, especially in its attitudes to constituents and the development of military strategies against foreign countries. Throughout its history, U.S. Congress sought to preserve the overall stability of the American state and to protect the rights of minors. That in 1865 Congress created the Freedmen’s Bureau to protect the right s of the newly emancipated black people in America became the starting point in Congress’s movement to equity and fairness in the relationships between races. However, these are the crises that usually test the productivity and efficiency of the legislative work in Congress: the recent economic crisis proved Congress to be a powerful force in the country’s striving to preserve its stability. The stimulus package, tax cuts, the financial support of the banking sector and legislative changes to the structure of the federal budget reflect Congress’s awareness of the situation and its desire to secure the population from the major financial risks. Unfortunately, it is necessary to state that the rights of African Americans, the rights of women, and the relations with constituents remain the basic ills of the postmodern America. It is not possible to trace serious changes in the position of fair sex representatives and racial minorities. Black people and women continue suffering the effects of inequity and unfairness in employment, medical insurance, and self-realization. Discrimination based on race and gender remains the issue of the major concern, and Congress will need to take additional legislative steps to ensure that the American state finally achieves the point, where discrimination will become irrelevant and unnecessary.

Managing Stress among Employees in Out-patient Setting Research Paper - 1

Managing Stress among Employees in Out-patient Setting - Research Paper Example It is identified that the negligence of evaluation phases causes the breakdown of implemented changes. This paper will discuss various strategies and techniques that can be effectively employed in evaluating the impacts of the introduced changes among employees in out-patient settings. There are three evaluation phases that are scientifically designed for program evaluation; formative evaluation, summative evaluation, and impact evaluation. The formative evaluation phase continuously acquires information regarding the introduced program in order to amplify the performance. According to Lytras, Carroll, Damiani, Tennyson, Avison, Vossen, and Pablos (2008), in the summative evaluation phase, the outcomes of the project are assessed; and from those results, the project managers analyze the impact of the outcome on its actual beneficiaries; the shareholders (p.672). On the other hand, impact evaluation phase focuses on the larger group of beneficiaries over a long period of time. Here we can use formative evaluation and summative evaluation techniques for the determination of the effectiveness of the introduced organizational change in an out-patient setting. The organizational changes implemented to manage employees’ stress need to be analyzed from the perspective of both employees and organization; it involves the application of formative evaluation phase. In order to get the status of the introduced change, from the perspective of employees, it is necessary to collect their feedback using methods such as questionnaires, surveys, voting, and general meetings. Similarly, it is suggestible for the project management team to assess the effectiveness of the change by considering its impacts on those employees who were affected by stress. It can be achieved by comparing the individuals’ level of performance prior to and after the implementation of the program. Their new ways of working behavior both as individuals and as a team need to be  evaluated for knowing whether the change takes a positive effect on them or not.

Direct Practice in Social Work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Direct Practice in Social Work - Essay Example Therapy is likely to be most effective when a therapist is fully integrated into the treatment relationship; hence a therapist’s ability to fully and honestly express feelings and perceptions may be helpful in dispelling the notion of a â€Å"false front† being put forward by the practitioner (Clark, 2007:71). The objective of treatment is to gain authenticity in the therapist-client relationship, but these disclosures should be â€Å"purposeful and well timed† if they are to be beneficial (Clark, 2007:71). If on the other hand, such self disclosure is not purposeful and is done in a judgmental sort of way, it could be problematic because it could undermine the efficacy of the treatment and thereby, the therapist’s objective of gaining authenticity in the relationship. 2. The client Linda is a sexually abused person with a very negative perception of herself. Hence, it may be much better to focus upon the client herself and work towards helping her deal with her negative perceptions of herself rather than involving the therapist’s personal reactions to the client. Linda sees a rift between the therapist and herself, she perceives the therapist as being in a position of superiority. Hence if the therapist talks to Linda about her personal reactions to her client, then it needs to be done in a positive, focused manner. Rather than the therapist using a self involved statement such as â€Å"right now, I’m feeling a little cornered†, it may be more effective to couch the therapist reaction in a more positive and honest way. For example, if the therapist had responded more honestly by stating, â€Å"I have not personally been through such a shattering experience as you have but as I listen to you, I am impressed by the strength an d courage you have displayed in this situation. While you may feel that I am in a superior position, I tend to view this situation differently; I feel that you are far superior to me because you have displayed

PROJECT 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

PROJECT 1 - Essay Example Commercial culture tends to create compromises that affect education in a negative manner. There is an increase in the level of secrecy that concerns research. The reason is that the corporate world tends to give sponsorship to study. The secrecy creates room for profits. The author argues that entrepreneurial learning tends to be a success in the short term. However, the institutions that have a chief focus on the academic values tend to emerge as the success, in the long run. The systems also tend to attain public trust that is a basis of the ability to overcome basic lucrative ventures. As a result, despite the desire to earn profits, the academic excellence is the independent variable for any educational institution. Any other experiments raise the level that results in the collision of interests. For instance, most entrepreneurial systems have difficulties in allocating funds for research in the different study fields. The case may lead to collapse of such establishments, in the long run. The publication focuses on the negative impact of commercializing education. The book outlines the shift in focus from viewing students as typical consumers whole school has the opinion of a commodity. The tutors in the class have a view of being service providers rather than being guides to the entire training process. The author points out that commercialization of education are dependent on globalization. The other aspect that causes commercialization is the rise of sound technology. The issue of unemployment and the gap between the well-off in the economy and those who do not have also acts as a creator of commercial education. Commercialization of education has made the real aspect of learning to change. The schools tend to employ hard terms of the students in a bid to win new customers. The students, on the other hand, learn with a view to passing the exam instead of gaining new knowledge. In other words, education is the acquisition of

Patient Risk Essay Example for Free

Patient Risk Essay This example of a reflective essay is presented in association with Price, B and Harrington, A (2013) Critical Thinking and Writing for Nursing Students, London, Learning Matters. Readers are introduced to the process of critical and reflective thinking and the translation of these into coursework that will help them to achieve better grades in nursing courses. Stewart, Raymet, Fatima and Gina are four students who share their learning journey throughout the chapters of the book. In this essay on the assessment of pain, Raymet demonstrates her reflective writing skills near the end of her course. Raymet had by this stage written several reflective practice essays and gained good marks. This time though she was encouraged to deepen her reflections, speculating selectively on how the account of pain experienced by a patient (Mrs Drew) might help her to work more creatively with patient perceptions and reported needs. N.B. Remember, copying essays such as this, submitting them as a whole or in part for assessment purposes, without attributing the source of the material, may leave you open to the charge of plagiarism. Significant sanctions may follow for nurses who do this, including referral to the Nursing and Midwifery Council. Assessing Mrs Drew’s Pain Mc Caffery and Pasero (1999) state that pain is what the patient says it is. If we accept that point, then nurses need to explore the patient’s perceptions of pain, as well as their report of experiences. The two are not quite the same. Patients may report their pain in a variety of ways, dependent on the nature and the intensity of pain and the context in which it is felt (e.g. whether they are ever distracted from the pain). Their perception of pain is a little more though and it includes the meaning that the pain has for them. It includes explanation of why the pain is there in the first place, what it indicates about their body and what it could  suggest might happen in the future (getting better, getting worse). The nurse assesses the account of pain shared by the patient, and this may be given in the form of a story. This is how it began, this is how it felt, this is what that meant to me and this is what I did about it (Mishler et al. 2006) In this essay I explore the assessment of pain as conducted with one 60 year old patient whom I will call Mrs Drew. Whilst the essay describes an assessment of pain with a single patient, I try to share too some ideas and questions that this provokes within me about pain assessment more generally. Mrs Drew made me think about other patients, future assessments and what I had to do as a nurse to help patients. To help structure this essay I use the framework described by Gibbs (1988). Whilst the episode concerned relates a stage in Mrs Drew’s illness when she challenged her treatment protocol, it also includes some of the memories and thoughts that this patient refers to regarding her earlier illness and past ways of coping with pain. In particular, it prompted me to question to what extent I as a nurse should recommend analgesia, drawing on what I had been taught about the effective control of pain. I had learned that it was better to control rather than to chase pain ( e.g. Mann and Carr, 2006; Forbes, 2007). Mrs Drew was diagnosed with lung cancer a year earlier and had initially had her illness treated by chemotherapy. This had helped her to achieve a remission that lasted for nearly ten months (Hunt et al, 2009 describe the prognosis of this disease). The cancer had returned though and spread to her spine and it was here that she experienced most of her pain.It was at this stage that the doctors explained that her care would now be directed towards her comfort rather than a cure—to which she had replied, ‘you mean palliative care’. Mrs Drew was supported at home by her husband Neil and visited on a regular basis by community based nurses to whom I was attached as part of my student nurse training. She was prescribed oral morphine and could decide within stated limits how many tablets she could take in any one 24 hour period. The situation I had visited Mrs Drew on several occasions over the period of a month when the community nurse and I were confronted by a tearful patient who announced that she did not wish to take the oral opiates quite as often as we were recommending. As she spoke she held her husband’s hand tightly, looking across to him as she described her experiences and feelings about the matter. Yes, there had been some bad nights when the pain had woken her and she had to sit up and watch television to try and distract herself. Yes, sometimes the pain made her feel nauseous, but she was alarmed at how frequently she was taking the ‘pain tablets’ and how this made her feel about herself. However well meant the medication was, it didn’t feel dignified to be so reliant on drugs, or quite so sleepy and unresponsive for such a high percentage of the day. Whilst the analgesia was working well when she took the tablets, the quality of life wasn’t what she wanted. The community nurse listened patiently to Mrs Drew and then explained that it was normal to have panic moments about such medication. Morphine had a reputation, one that people associated with misuse of drugs, rather than their therapeutic use. Used on a regular basis, the drug wouldn’t cause addiction and it would provide a great deal of reassurance to Mr Drew as well. The community nurse stated that she was quite sure that he respected his wife’s need to sleep when she wished and to build the rhythm of the day around her needs. At this point Mrs Drew shook her husband’s hand, and said, ‘tell her†¦tell her what we’ve talked about!’ Mr Drew then explained that his wife was used to dealing with pain, she had suffered recurrent pain in her neck and shoulder after a road traffic accident some years before. The pain had sometimes been severe, but he had massaged her shoulders and used heat packs that she found soothing. They had decided that they wished to use this technique now, keeping the morphine for absolute emergencies, when she was losing sleep and couldn’t eat as a result of the discomfort. The community nurse assured them that they were in charge of the analgesia and would be allowed to make their own decisions. She started to make notes though, and announced that she was making a referral to the cancer pain clinic, something that would help them to take stock of the situation. There was very good reason to suppose that this might be a problem associated with choosing the right dosage of the  morphine, rather than using supplemental pain relief measures. Mrs Drew responded sharply, ‘You’re not listening to me though Jane (the community nurse’s name—a pseudonym is used here), I want to use heat packs instead of morphine, at least during the day. I want to be more alive with my husband.’ The community nurse assured Mrs Drew that she had heard what she had said and respected her point of view. There would though be nothing lost by using the clinic to gain a further check on this matter. With that she excused us, explaining that we had a further appointment that morning and we left, having checked that Mrs Drew had a sufficient supply of her different medicines. As we walked to the car the community nurse empathised with Mrs Drew’s plight, saying that if she had lung cancer she would probably grasp at straws too. She would reach out for things that seemed more normal, and then observed, ‘but this isn’t normal is it, the pain she has isn’t normal. It’s not just a whip lash injury and old age.’ Feelings I remember that during this episode feeling a mixture of confusion, surprise, anger and impotence. Mrs Drew had surprised me by the way she had spoken, using what seemed to be a planned announcement. They had waited for and perhaps rehearsed this moment. Nothing in my experience to date had prepared me for such an encounter, at least in such circumstances, where we as nurses were so obviously working to support the patient. It was only later that I called the episode a confrontation. Mr and Mrs Drew had confronted the community nurse and I had been the largely silent witness to the event. As the discussion proceeded I remember making supportive noises, remarking how useful heat packs sometimes were and glancing across at Jane, who seemed to be signalling with her expression that I should leave this debate to her. I was trying to read her reactions to the Drew’s points and concluded that if I couldn’t support her arguments to the patient, then I should remain silent. The re were issues here that I perhaps hadn’t enough experience to deal with, at least, whilst ‘thinking on my feet’. My initial anger (with Mrs Drew for not acknowledging all that we were trying to do) quickly became displaced towards my colleague Jane. During the event I couldn’t explain why that was, but afterwards, when I made notes, I realised that it was because she seemed to have set the agenda in her own mind and to be requiring the patient to comply with concerns of her own. Put rather crudely, Jane seemed to be saying, listen I know about these things, this is a phase, an anxiety; you can work through all this. I believed at this point that she had missed the significance of the event, the way in which the Drew’s had arranged the conversation. For them, this was not a phase at all, but a considered and very important decision, one that they wanted the nurses to accept (Freshwater, 2002 and Edwards and Elwyn, 2009 emphasize the importance of negotiated care planning). My feelings of impotence were associated strongly with my lack of clinical experience. I have met this before. No matter how many placements I do, no matter how good the mentoring I receive, I keep meeting situations where I am unsure about how to respond next. I feel younger, less knowledgeable than I should be at this stage in my training. I want to reassure patients, to support colleagues and to give good advice, but there is not enough confidence to do that. If I felt unsettled and uncertain about Jane’s response to the Drew’s, right then I couldn’t easily explain that. I couldn’t offer a second opinion, couldn’t suggest an idea that might help support the patient. To my annoyance I couldn’t manage that either as we left the house. Jane had made some fair points, she  clearly seemed concerned about the patient’s needs, but perhaps she hadn’t spotted the right need—for Mrs Drew to determine in greater part how she de alt with her illness. Experience evaluated Afterwards, this short episode prompted doubts and debates about several important aspects of nursing for me. Setting aside the etiquette of learning in clinical practice, not challenging a qualified nurse in front of a  patient, there were problems here associated with supporting patient dignity, with my assumptions relating to analgesia and pain control strategies, and I realised, with my assumptions about types of pain and who had the expertise to define these. Dignity is more than simply using the appropriate terms of address, protecting the privacy of patients and attending to their expressed concerns (Price, 2004). It is about clarifying the ways in which they live and accommodate illness or treatment. It is about finding out what benchmarks they use to say that ‘yes, I am doing well here, this makes me feel good about myself’. Upon reflection, I sense that we on this occasion had not worked hard enough to discover how Mr and Mrs Drew define quality of life, or being in charge of their situation. We were more concerned with providing resources, sharing research or theory about medication and questioning the familiar misconceptions associated with morphine. To put it simply, we were ‘missing a trick’, reading the encounter as something that had happened many times before—the report of problems or anxieties, a request for help, rather than a decision that the patient and her carer had already come to. Reading situations well seemed, with the benefit of hindsight, to be the first basis for dignified care. ‘What is happening here, what will help the patient most?’ were questions that we perhaps assumed that we already knew the answer to. I realised that in my training I had already accepted the argument that patients would wish to remain pain free come what may and that the tackling of fears about prospective pain, was something that nurses engaged in. I assumed that because cancer pain represented such a major threat, because it was greater and more all encompassing, that there was little or no doubt that it should be removed. What was so unsettling, and took so much time to examine, was that Mrs Drew acknowledged the possible severity of metastatic cancer pain, but that she still preferred to respond to it using measures that had worked for her whiplash neck injury. Mrs Drew was willing to trade off a pain free state for something that gave her a greater sense of control and which perhaps enabled her husband to express his support for her in a very tangible way (preparing heat packs, massaging her back, rather than simply giving her the tablets). Mr and Mrs Drew questioned all my assumptions about best analgesia pr actice, and seemed to write a large  question mark on the textbooks I had read about chasing rather than controlling pain in palliative care situations (Mann and Carr, 2006). Reflections (learning opportunities) The episode with Mrs Drew left me uncomfortable because my past approach to pain management was theoretical. I (and I believe Jane too) regularly made use of science to decide what could be done as regards pain relief and to assume that patients would wish to achieve all of those benefits. This wasn’t about local applications of heat versus morphine, Mrs Drew could use both, it was about choice and how patients made choices—why they reached the decisions that they did. It was for me, about accepting very personally, that providing that patients are given all the relevant facts, alerted to the options, that they really are able to make choices that work for them. The very fact that Mrs Drews illness was now incurable, that she and her husband usually tackled pain together, meant that her solution to the challenge was different to those that many other patients arrived at. Having dealt with this pain for some time, knowing that it could and probably would get worse, meant that she was better equipped than other less experienced patients to make a decision here. This took nothing away from the benefits of sharing further discussion with pain clinic experts. I thought, Mrs Drew will stand her ground, she will insist on doing things her way if her husband is strong too. What it did highlight though was the importance of listening to patients, hearing how they perceive pain, how they narrate not only the pain but what they did about it. In this instance the narration was all about dignity, and coping, and finding ways to help one another and how this enables us to feel in the face of such a terrible illness. So, in telling us about her pain, what she did about it, using morphine when it was ‘absolutely required’, Mrs Drew was not reporting her ignorance of what could be achieved if the medication was used differently, but what she preferred to do as it enabled her to achieve different goals. Mrs Drew’s goals were about liveliness, alertness and stoicism, showing that she could bear at least a measure of pain. I wondered why I hadn’t listened carefully enough to such a story? Was it because of time pressure, or perhaps complacency, that Jane and I felt that we already knew what account would be  shared? Did we think that the patient would ask for help, more help, as the pain continued? If so, then our guesses had prompted us to behave as experts, and problem solvers, on the patient’s behalf. Perhaps hearing a patient narrative is about discovering what sort of role they would like you to fulfil. If so, then it might be a difficult role. I thought hard about how hard this was for Jane. She was going to be asked to witness Mrs Drew’s future pain, one that was now less perfectly controlled. She was going to be asked to reassure, to suggest measures that might help, without reminding the patient that she ‘already knew that you couldn’t manage pain that way!’ When I think about it now, that is very stressful for a nurse. It is about caring and allowing patient’s to make choices that we personally might not make. Conclusions I have drawn then three conclusions from the above reflection. First, that being patient centred is never easy and requires real listening and interpretation skills. My criticism of what Jane chose to do, to try and dissuade Mrs Drew from a course of action, recommending further appraisal of the situation, is an easy one to make. Nurses confront situations such as this relatively unprepared and react as considerately as possible. It is easy in hindsight to recommend other responses, a further exploration of what motivated Mrs Drew’s pain management preferences. Second, that experience can be a valuable teacher, the equal of textbooks. If nurses are interested in care, then we should be concerned with the sense that patients make of their own illness, the treatment or support that they receive. We need to understand what patients have to teach us and have to acknowledge that this means that we won’t always seem in control ourselves, expert and knowledgeable. Our expertise might be elsewhere, helping patients to reach their own decisions. Third, that one way to understand patient perspectives on illness or treatment, on pain management in this example, is to hear how they talk  about the situation. How do they describe the pain, how do they refer to what they did about it? The way in which the story is shared, how we coped, how this made us feel, is as important as the facts related. Sometimes a patient needs to feel stalwart, even heroic in the face of illness. Future care It would be foolish and unprofessional to recommend to other patients that they might not wish to remove pain, or that overcoming pain doesn’t always mean we don’t continue to experience it. For every Mrs Drew there may be many other patients who would welcome the complete removal of pain, so that they can die calmly, quietly, with their own version of dignity. But it does seem to me, that it will be worth thinking about the diversity of patients and how they prefer to cope when I assess pain and help manage this problem in the future. I won’t be able to walk away from the responsibility of debating whether I have explained all that I could, detailed the strengths and limitations of different ways of coping. I will need to find reflection time to ponder what patients have said and if necessary to go back and say, ‘I’ve been thinking some more about your words last week..’ knowing that this doesn’t make me any the less professional. References Edwards, A and Elwyn, G (2009) Shared decision-making in health care: achieving evidencebased patient choice, 2nd ed. Oxford, Oxford University Press Forbes, K (2007) Opiods in cancer pain, Oxford, Oxford University Press Freshwater, D (2002) Therapeutic nursing: improving patient care through self awareness, London, Sage. Gibbs G (1988) Learning by doing: a guide to teaching and learning methods, Oxford, Oxford Polytechnic Further Education unit Hunt, I., Muers, M and Treasure, T (2009) ABC of lung cancer, Oxford, Wiley-Blackwell/BMJ Books Mann, E and Carr, E (2006) Pain management, Oxford, Blackwell McCaffery, M and Pasero, C (1999) Pain: Clinical manual, Mosby, Philadelphia Mishler, E., Rapport, F and Wainwright, P (2006) The self in health and illness: patients, professionals and narrative identity, Oxford, Radcliffe Publishing Ltd Price, B (2004) Demonstrating respect for patient dignity, Nursing Standard, 19(12), 45-51

General Strain Theory

General Strain Theory Agnew (2001) produced three different categories of strain that have the potential to induce a negative reaction. These categories include: being in the presence of negative stimuli, not being able to get past goal blockages, and the loss of positive stimuli. In context of the category of strain related to being in the presence of a negative stimulus, a negative stimulus can be described as any stimulus that has undesirable consequences. Some examples of negative stimuli include but are not limited to: sexual abuse, physical abuse, harassment, teasing, bullying, or any form of violence. With regard to strain as it relates to goal blockages, this form of strain involves an individual failing to meet their desired goals for one or more various reasons. An example of goal blockage would be when someone is unable to attend a prestigious private college because they cannot afford to pay tuition. Finally, in regard to the last category of strain, the loss of positive stimuli, positive stim uli can be operationally defined as a loss of a stimulus that has a desirable consequence. An example of one such positive stimulus would be an end to a desired relationship, or loss of a loved one. In addition to these three categorical theories of strain, Agnew (2001) came up with the idea that there are two different ways by which to measure strain: subjectively and objectively. Agnew (2001) says that subjective strains refer to conditions and events that are not liked by the people who are actually experiencing the m. In other words, subjective strains are personal conditions that someone has an aversion towards based on their experiences. Conversely, objective strains refer to negative conditions/ events that are not liked by most of the members of a specific group (Frggio Agnew, 2007). A powerful and common example of objective strain would be when people are or feel they are being deprived of basic human necessities. Agnew (2001) stated that almost all of his research on General Strain Theory involved using dealings of objective strain, with barely any measures of subjective strain. After Agnew came out with the aforementioned statement about not using as much subjective strain research as objective strain research, he became worried that other researches would undermine the integrity of Strain Theory on the basis that objective strains occasionally for m minor subjective strains (Agnew, 2001). What Agnew was suggesting in supporting objective strain over subjective strain was that emphasis needs to be placed on objective strain research; he never discredited the role of subjective strain research at any point.. As stated in the introduction, not everyone who experiences strains goes on to commit crimes. Instead, the vast majority of individuals have coping mechanisms that aid in the diversion from taking part in criminal behaviors. Agnew (2001) stated that it is only when these coping mechanisms fail that criminal activity may ensue. Agnew (2001) discusses four different types of characteristics that can potentially lead to coping by means of criminal behavior. The four different characteristics that will most likely lead to crime in the instance that coping mechanisms fail to provide sufficient relief from the experience of strain include: unjust, high in magnitude, associated with little to no social control, and strains that create stress or incentive to engage in criminal activities (Agnew, 2001). First, strain is more prone to lead to criminal behavior when it is seen as unjust or unfair, as this perception has the potential to trigger negative emotions, such as anger. When anger comes in to the picture, the individual will potentially think irrationally, making it easier for them to engage in criminal actions (Agnew, 2001). These crimes are often called crimes of passion. An example of a crime of passion can be seen in a husband assaulting a man he discovers his wife cheating on him with. Second, individuals turn to crime if the strain is perceived to be high in magnitude. More specifically, if an individual perceives strain as being significant, they are more likely to commit criminal activity than they would be if the strain was not as significant. For example, someone with a small amount of debt is less likely to engage in delinquent behavior than someone who has a large amount of debt. Another characteristic of strain is observed when a strain is coupled with little to no social control, which increases the likelihood of an individual committing a crime. Agnew (2001) says that this category of low social control can be broken down in three smaller subcategories: commitment, attachment, and absence of direct control. The fourth and final characteristic of strain that can lead to criminal behavior occurs as a result of strains that create stress or incentive to engage in criminal activity. One way stress can cause an individual to engage in criminal behavior can be seen occurring in response to financial hardships. For example, if a family is struggling financially, the son from this family may resort to physically assaulting other kids and stealing their money or possessions. Another example that would work for the fourth characteristic would be if the individual observes his/her model committing a crime. On Thursday, March 3rd, 2011 at about 11:00 a.m., police responded to a report of a possible child abduction in Palmdale, California. The suspect was a seventeen year old father who had taken his five month old baby. The sheriffs department located Christopher Earl Glass and his son, Christopher Glass Jr., driving in Glass car, and began to pursue the vehicle. During the course of the pursuit, deputies noticed Glass making stabbing movements inside the vehicle. As the sheriffs closed in, Glass crashed his white SUV, then took off on foot. A couple of deputies chased after the suspect, while others looked inside the SUV to check on the child. Christopher Glass Jr. had been stabbed multiple times. Police rushed the injured five month old baby to the hospital in a squad car. Regrettably, Christopher Earl Glass Jr. was pronounced dead at the hospital. While being pursued by authorities, Christopher Earl Glass broke in to a random house and, when cornered, charged at the police with a kni fe in hand, resulting in him being shot to death. By looking at all of the facts of the case, Agnew would say that this crime falls within the classification of General Strain Theory. First, Agnew would say that the strain experienced by Christopher Glass in this case could be measured subjectively, due to the fact that Glass was under extreme emotional distress.. Christopher Earl Glass thought that having a child at age 17 was too much to handle, and cracked under the pressure of being a new father. Agnew would also say that Christopher Earl Glass was under a great deal of strain because he was in the presence of a negative stimulus, goal blockages, and because he was experiencing a loss of positive stimuli. The new negative stimulus Glass experienced was his babys mother constantly hounding him for support and payments. Christopher was a talented athlete who was looking for the chance to get a scholarship to play collegiate basketball, but since he had a child, all of his dreams of ever going professional came crashing down. He al so had a loss of positive stimulus because he was a new father who had all of these new responsibilities that kept him from going out and having fun. These negative feelings, coupled with a loss of positive feelings, caused Christopher to think that getting rid of his son was the only means he had by which to restore balance to his life. Agnew would also say that Christopher shows all of the four characteristics that would make him want to resort to criminal behavior. In Christophers eyes, having a child at age 17 was an unjust situation. He was probably thinking to himself, Thousands of teens have unprotected sex every day; why did I have to be the one to have a child? Also, his babys mother chose not to have an abortion, and this might also have been something Christopher perceived as unfair. Because Christopher was a gifted and talented athlete, having a child at such a young age must have been perceived as a problem high in magnitude, because the responsibilities of being a new father redefined his priorities. The next characteristic of low social control can be seen when the babysitter essentially gave the baby to her father without contacting the authorities right away. Finally the last characteristic of strains that create pressure or incentive to engage in criminal activities is present because, in the report , it was mentioned that Christophers coach was talking to him about getting a scholarship to go and play collegiate basketball. This last characteristic of criminal coping was the final catalyst for Christophers need to relieve strain by means of criminal activity.. Agnew would argue that because Christopher did not have the coping skills to deal with his problem, he resorted to delinquent behaviors in order to deal with his situation.

In praise of the F Word, by Mary Sherry :: Failing Students Who Deserve to Fail

In the article â€Å"In praise of the â€Å"F† Word† Mary Sherry discusses the â€Å"F† word, which means failure. Basically Mary Sherry stated that the kids of today are getting cheated out of a good education. They are passing through the school system because some are good kids and they do not create any problems in the classroom. But, at the same time employers are also being cheated because they expect graduates to have the basic skills. She also stated that Diplomas are considered meaningless because most of these kids who were awarded one could not read or write properly and therefore, they are back in night school along with adults who are trying to get their G.E.D. Mary Sherry teaches an evening class and came to the conclusion that kids are being cheated when she asked them to write about an unpleasant experience in school. They all wrote something negative, they were crying out for help. It was also indicated that the teachers should have been more forceful in using the â€Å"F† word. Instead, these kids are now very angry and resentful for being passed along. It was also noted that your environment should not be an issue because most kids do not take school seriously and the teachers should have been more forceful with the â€Å"F† word. This also causes the employers to be cheated out of what they expect from their employees. Employers are also being cheated because the teachers fail to do their job right. For example, if a student went to school to be a nurse and is passed because he or she doesn’t disrupt class and was a good student this cause them to get a diploma. However, when they get into the real world they cannot deliver what is expected of them and can also be very costly for the employers. Therefore, the employer has no choice but to rehire and retrain. If the teacher were using the â€Å"F† word then the student would take the class more seriously and realize that their future is at stake. Finally, Mary Stated that Many people can rise above any situation if they are motivated, encouraged and knowing that they have something at stake to loose.

Flannery OConnors A Good Man Is Hard To Find :: essays research papers

In her short story "A Good Man is Hard to Find† Flannery O'Connor's seems to portray a feeling that society as she saw it was drastically changing for the worse. O'Connor's obvious displeasure with society at the time is most likely a result of her Catholic religion and her very conservative upbringing in the ‘old south.’ She seems to depict her opinion in this particular story by using the character of the grandmother to show what she saw was happening to the times. Evidence of society's "demise" is woven into the story, and presented through an interesting generation gap between the grandmother and her family. The grandmother is representative of devoutness and Christianity which O'Connor apparently believed to be more prevalent in the "glamorous" Old South. Attention to prim detail separated the grandmother from the rest of her family who seemed to be living in a different world than she. As she organized herself in preparation for the trip, her family was described as rather common people living in a frusturated middle class world. O’Connor described the old woman as she settled herself comfortably, removing her white cotton gloves and putting them up with her purse on the shelf in front of the back window. The children's mother still had on slacks and still had her head tied up in a green kerchief but the grandmother had on a navy blue straw sailor hat with a bunch of white violets on the brim and a navy blue dress with a small white dot in the print. Her collar and cuffs were white organdy trimmed with lace, and at her neckline she had pinned a purple spray of cloth violets containing a sachet. In case of an accident, anyone seeing her dead on the highway would know at once she was a lady. The parents pay little attention to the grandmother and when they do, they are often quite rude. The unruly children are representative of the breakdown of respect, and discipline, and are consequently a forecast of future generations. They constantly demean the grandmother and at one point, June Star even complains that her grandmother has to go everywhere they go right to her face. O’Connor seems to be illustrating not only how times are changing, but how the future generations have no respect for thier precedents. The Misfit represents evil. At one point the Misfit likens himself to Christ, in that they both were punished for crimes they did not commit. Christ accepted death for the sins of all people, however. The Misfit is in a constant battle against his fate that he sees

I Remember When… :: Biology Essays Research Papers

I Remember When†¦ This paper was written by a student in a course at Bryn Mawr College, and reflects that student's research and thoughts at the time the paper was written. Like other things on Serendip, the paper is not intended to be "authoritative" but is instead provided to encourage others to themselves learn about and think through subjects of interest, and, by providing relevant web links, to serve as a "window" to help them do so. Web links were active as of the time the paper was posted but are not updated. There's a standing joke in our family, or rather between my sister and I. It usually comes up at family get-togethers, about the time that we're all trying to decide what to do, where to go, or what to eat. Mom will say something like, "let's have that spaghetti casserole with turnip greens that I made at last summer's get-together, we all enjoyed it so much." Jackie and I will exchange a look that says, "gross, we hated that," and invariably Mom, seeing the look pass between us, will say in utter seriousness, "no, no. I DISTINCTLY REMEMBER. We all loved that casserole." What continually amuses both Jackie and I, is the degree of confidence with which Mom remembers the same event we do, but so differently. How can people be so certain and yet so mistaken about events in our own histories? And yet, it happens time and again, and not just in my family. The observation that episodic memory retrieval is vulnerable to distortion has been documented thoroughly. Even the pattern of errors can be predicted with some reliability. (1) In order to situate "episodic memory," it's useful to know several distinctions in memory research. The most basic one is between brief and enduring memories, called short-term memories (STM) (or working memory, WM), and long-term memory (LTM). Within LTM, there are qualitative distinctions, such as between explicit and implicit, and declarative and procedural -- both of these distinctions have to do with consciousness about the memory. Explicit/declarative memory encompasses facts, figures, and all of conscious memory. Its what we commonly refer to as memory. (2) This type of memory is flexible, fast, and specialized for one-time learning. (3) Procedural/implicit memory is thought to be the most durable memory, and encompasses learned habits, skills and things that you "know" but don't consciously think about.

Analysing and improving form: Badminton Essay

Good attributes. * Greg plays a range of shots well and has good tactical knowledge * Greg has good reflexes and is therefore able to reach and play shots all around the court * Greg has a good level of fitness and can keep playing for long periods of time Bad attributes. * Greg lacks excellent knowledge about the sport and tactical knowledge is also lacking and needs improvement * Greg’s shot execution also needs improving to gain better results * Greg lacks good acceleration which is vital for net shots * Greg lacks self-confidence Ways of improving. * Greg could improve his tactical knowledge by revising study guides and coaching manuals for badminton. This could also then be conferred with coaches or trainers, as this will then help him incorporate the coaches and the manuals points into one. This would help him drastically improve, as the improvement in results would be very noticeable. This would then improve his self-confidence, which is another thing that lacks in his game. This would get better as his performance and results improved. * Greg’s shot execution is another thing that would need improvement. This would be done by coaching and practising. Greg doesn’t whip his wrists, which is where power is generated and therefore he is clearly unable to play some match winning shots like the over head clear or even the smash. Practise is the only thing that would help him improve these attributes. * Greg’s acceleration is also poor. He needs to improve this, as then his ability to reach shots all over the court will be bettered. He would improve this by doing 15 metre shuttle runs. He would do twenty repetition runs at full pace. First he would warm up, as this would prevent injury. This would help his leg muscles strengthen and therefore improve his overall pace as well as his acceleration.

French and Indian War Brief Essay

Major Players in the French and Indian War The French and Indian War was primarily England and the American colonies against the French and various Native American tribes in America. As France expanded its colonies along the Ohio River, and Britain ventured further into the mountains and discovered them, it was inevitable that there would be competition, tension and eventually war between the two colonies. This war has come to be known as the French and Indian war, but it has various other names such as ‘The Seven Year War’ or ‘The War of British Conquest’. The war escalated into a world war in 1760 when France and Britain declared war on each other. It was sparked in America, not Europe, but Great Britain spent a lot of money in helping to fight the war and support to their colonies in America and the colonies participated fully in the war. Main reasons for the French and Indian War Britain and France had long been in a competition for territory in North America. The rich land west and north-west of the Appalachians was in top demand, for it was filled with waterways, fisheries, abundant game and beaver runs. Tensions grew until France and Britain finally declared war on each other for the region in 1756. In the first year, the British were defeated numerous times by the French and their allies, the Native Americans. This is when British Prime Minister William Pitt lent a hand to help out with the war, and funded an expanded war effort which involved shipping 10,000 soldiers overseas. He could see that there was potential of imperial expansion if France were defeated and borrowed substantial amounts of money to contribute. From then on, France’s attempts started to fail. By 1760 they were expelled from Canada, and their all allies in Europe were defeated or made separate peace with Prussia. The War comes to an end The French and Indian War was a great British victory. It ended with the signing of the Treaty of Paris and also the Treaty of Hubertsburg in February 1763. In the Treaty of Paris, France lost east-Canada and gave Louisiana to Spain. Britain received Spanish Florida, Upper Canada and other French holdings overseas. The British were very pleased with the treaty, as they no longer had to worry about French attacks as much as they previously did. Also, the extra land meant more room for discovery and settlement, although there were still natives all through the land. Contribution the beginning of the American Revolution Fifteen years after the war, the bitterness the French felt after the loss of their colonial empire influenced their input in the American Revolution.

Marketing and Converse Question Essay

Need: Protection for the feet Wants: Cheap shoes which are comfortable and customizable. Demands: Emerging artists, designers and musicians wearing Chucks because of their affordability, simplicity and classic look. Now, anti-establishment rock fans beg Converse to feature a shoe by their favourite artist. Question 3 Production concept: The idea that consumers will favour the products those are available and highly affordable, and the idea that the company focus on improving production and distribution efficiency. Product Concept: Costumers will favour the products that offer the most quality, performance and features. Therefore the company should focus on making constant product improvements Selling Concept: The idea that consumers will not buy enough of the products unless it undertakes a large-scale selling and promotion effort. Marketing concept: The marketing philosophy that holds that achieving organizational goals depends on knowing the needs and wants of target markets and delivering that desired satisfaction better than competitors does. Almost every red Chuck converse sold goes to Global Fund. Question 4 Converse sees its role as one of making great products that its costumers want to wear. Beyond that it participates in consumers discussions rather that dictating them. Drawbacks: Converse rides a fine line: How many limited editions and upscale design can the brand produce without losing its image as a non marketing marketer. How popular can the brand become without losing the core costumers who love the precisely because it isn’t popular Question 5 Converse has been very careful in all that it does to remember on very important things for a brand like Converse, where authenticity is the most important trait, the costumer experience should be driven by the costumer.

Children speech and language development Essay

From the time of birth to three years, children’s brain known to grow quickly. This makes it very important for early intervention to treat autism disorder at this age. It needs a therapy hence during this age the children have not yet started going to school hence very available for this exercise. Also at this age children have less ingrained habits. This makes it easier to stop this behavior for it might turn to intractable once left for a long period. 2. The sharp rise may be because most mass media in most countries have no access to the right information. It is also because of people neglecting vaccines and its additive. There is a lot of mercury present in many vaccines and this accelerates the development of autism among children. Mercury is not only harmful but it is toxic to our brains. 3. Naturalistic this is because it orients the child to the practical world. The children learns from the environment in which they live in and also pass. In this case, students learn more on themselves and the environment as a whole. In so doing the children develop themselves as they interact with the rest of the world. The environmental contribution to children’s speech and language acquisition is put in to weight by analysists. Skinner (1957). 4. An effective intervention may have the following elements: â€Å"Child talk† communication pattern. They should be outgrown well to avoid bringing learning problems to the child. One should make sure that communication skills are learned by the child before she is five years old. this is the age when the brain is developing quickly. The involvement of a pathologists is very important to children with speech disorder. The child’s teacher should be aware of the best method to deliver the communication skills to the child during class time. The family of the child should also be involved during the development of objectives and methods of facilitating the most effective therapy. Counselors can be included for the suggestion of effective strategies which will assist in linking the several phases of development. The element of technology should be considered and the use of communication systems which mainly requires electronics. These are very important for people with physical l disabilities. Brise, A. (2000). 5. It is a bit difficult for for speech to be replaced by reading during learning English because People cannot wait to learn instead of making speech because it is easier to pass the required information without much struggle. Speech is also the first and the quickest thing to be learn even before children start attending schools. The skills needed to compensate for children with visual impairments are: tools use and using modifications. Tools like braille for communication are very important. Use of computers and adaptations for writing. 6. Some of the compensation required for visual impairment are using tools for example glasses, involving educational tasks for the children and providing opportunities that enable the students to interact with the environment. The teacher can also use large writings on the board and make use of recorded materials. The use of assistive technology is of importance especially during the writing practice. Leisure activities should also be provided to these people for the development of skills. Personal management should be allowed to visually impaired student who in order for them to judge their abilities and skills. This will assist them live independently. Social interactions should highly be considered to enable the children grow in a relationship world. This will assist them solve their problems for companionship purposes. Mobility of the students either through traveling or having picnics should be put into consideration for it will help them understand the world better they live better. 7. A child with impairment may it be health or physical, will always be isolated by the rest who are healthy and fit. This isolation leads to loneliness among the impairment children . They always lack partners to play with and to appreciate them. This in turn may lead to poor social development of the child. They often depend on themselves and only little assistance is received from their parents. Many people and communities see these people as a bad omen in the society and may look for any way to terminate them even before they reach the age of ten. Many people will look down upon them making them loss their self perception. This bad perception from many people on children with physical impairment should be avoided and instead introduction of homes to care for them be introduced. 8. Special curriculum should be provided for disabled people. Teaching practices should be of high class and clear discussions made. More concentration should be made on these people compared to those without special needs. 9. Bright students also require special education because this is a disability of a kind. They should never be mixed with the slow learners because they try to understand quickly to others. 10. Teachers should make sure that they organize a class discussion for all the students to participate in. this vigorous exercise will make all the student feel important and equal. The teacher should organize for a games while teaching or during break hours. This will make all participate and refresh them too. Community service is important to all. This will make the student serve the community they live in. Both local and international internships should be organized for disabled students this also make them feel part and parcel of the community. Lesson plan by the teachers should be available to all the learners. References. Skinner, D. (1957). Children speech and language development. Harvard university press. Brise, A. (2000). Communication disorders among the young people. Arlington.

Assignment is to read the 22 page IPCC AR4 summary for policymakers Essay

Assignment is to read the 22 page IPCC AR4 summary for policymakers (SPM) (Introduction plus 5 sections) and write a concise summary of it - Essay Example shift in animal and plant ranges together with the earlier timing of various spring events has been linked to warming in the terrestrial ecosystems while changes in ice, frozen ground and snow have resulted in a general increase in both the total number and size of glacial lakes (Ipcc, 2007). It has been shown that the energy balance of the world’s climate system has been altered by changes in the atmospheric concentration of aerosols and various green house gases, solar radiation and total land cover. During the period ranging between 1970 and 2004, Carbon dioxide emissions have been shown to have grown by about 80%. The atmospheric concentration methane and carbon dioxide have exceeded the pre industrial levels recorded from ice cores over the last 650,000 years. This has mainly been attributed to the use of various agricultural products and fossil fuels (Ipcc, 2007). If the Emission of GHG continues at the current rate, this will potentially cause changes in the planet’s global climate system to be larger in the 21st century than those previously observed in the 20th century. Warming is expected to reduce the ocean and terrestrial uptake of CO2 resulting in an increase in the ocean’s acidity with an expected average decrease of its PH by about 0.1 units (Ipcc, 2007). The Greenland ice sheet is expected to continue contracting, a factor that is expected to continue playing a vital contribution to the increasing rise in sea levels after 2100, with various models suggesting the eventual virtual complete elimination of the ice sheet after a millennia. There are several adaptation and mitigation options available touching on various aspects. These include expanding water storage, harvesting and conservation techniques, the adjustment of agricultural product varieties and planting dates, reduction of the world’s dependency on a mostly single source of energy and opting for green energy, creation of storm surge barriers and sea walls to help create a

Case analysis Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Analysis - Case Study Example This increases the pressure on the information department compelling the creation of new ways of conducting business. Such factors provide a great challenge in the management of both the department and the organization thereby complicating Brown’s work. Additionally, Brown had shifted from the company for a number of years. By the time of his return, the company had changed and expanded thereby compelling the development of new mechanisms of conducting business. The change thus makes his management of the department more complex as he loses touch with both the clients and other employees at the organization. His attempts of creating a formal system within the department meet a great opposition from the rest of the organizational structure. Apparently, the organization lacked a formal structure and relied on its contact with the target market to carry out business. This is unlike the management process that Brown had in mind thereby resulting in a conflict of the management pro cesses thus causing a massive operational snarl up. Any form of conflict in the management especially between the organization and one of its key departments such as the information technology headed by Brown resulted in a great operational conflict that possibly slowed down the pace of service delivery. Question 2 The Michael Hammer’s Process and Enterprise Maturity Model is a management assessment mechanism that analyzes the level of organizational maturity through a number of management components. The Pinnacle West Corporation for example performs different in a number of these factors thereby placing it strategically in the development ladder. One of such factors is the organizational culture. A mature organization must have a recognized culture of conducting business. Organizational cultures determine the employee relations and the manner in which the organization conducts business. Additionally, the model assesses the success of any organization culture through the res ults it promises the organization. The PWC has an informal structure and relies on the people for contact. The culture had thus far steered the organization into success and its presence therefore proved the organization mature enough. The other integral factor in the model is leadership, the PWC was divide into department each led by a manager yet all working in unison to result in a cohesive organization. The presence of clearly labeled management structure and the effective flow of command in the organization depict great coordination in the management of the organization. Expertise is yet another factor in the model. The PWC employs established employees with the adequate experience and knowledge to steer the organization into success. Expertise refers to the ability of the employees to execute their mandate efficiently. The feature dictates that the employees must have adequate knowledge and experience to undertake their tasks. Finally, the other factor in the model is governan ce; the organization has an elaborate system of governance based on its management mechanism thereby portraying a great level of maturity. Question 3 The grass root strategy in management seeks to include the ideas of every employee in the management process. The strategy encourages operational dynamism as it solicits the ideas of every employee in project execution. This is a motivational strategy of management since

Analysis of Airbus and Boeing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Analysis of Airbus and Boeing - Essay Example The reactions from the airline industry for previously launched planes by Airbus and Boeing have also been discussed and then the opportunities that 787 has, have been the main point of the study. This report basically has been divided into four sections. In the first part of the report, important variables that could influence the decision of Airbus and Boeing have been discussed in detail. In the second part of the report, the risks faced by both these firms have been discussed and how the risks faced by Airbus and Boeing are identified and analysed and then model has been used to know how firms should manage risk (McLaney, 2009). In the third part of the report, stakeholders of both Airbus and Boeing have been discussed and how these stakeholders could influence the firm have been described in detail. However, in the fourth section of the report, critical financial analysis about Boeing has been discussed as it introduces the Dreamliner in the market. In the end, conclusion of the report along with recommendations has been discussed. Contents Management attitude and perception 6 Market analysis 7 Traffic of passengers 8 Change in Idea to Point to Point 8 Market Deregulation 8 Product Portfolio 9 Cost and the return 9 Technological ability 10 Risks faced by boeing and airbus 12 Technological Risk 12 Market Risk 12 Economic Risk 12 Environmental Risk 12 Financial Risks 13 Political Risks 13 Economic Risk 14 Social Risks 14 Technological Risk 14 Legal Risk 15 Environmental Risk 15 Managing Risk 15 TARA Model: 15 Predict 15 Prevent 16 Detect 16 Response 16 List of Stakeholders 18 Impact of each Stakeholder 18 Government: 18 Airlines 19 Society 19 Shareholders 19 Employees 19 STAKEHOLDER MAPPING 20 Group A 21 Group B 21 Group C 21 Group D 21 Tallman GmbH Model: 22 How has each stakeholder been affected 23 Government 23 Competitors 24 Airlines 24 Society 24 Shareholders 24 Employees 25 Recommendations 28 Conclusion 28 Reference List 30 Introduction The report is a bout Airbus and Boeing and it is primarily based on a case when Boeing introduced its Dreamliner. The case discusses the background and how things shaped up that lead towards a fuel efficient aircraft, 787 Dreamliner. The report discusses how the management feels and what variables they considered when they were preparing the feasibility of introducing a new fuel efficient plane as well as variables that influenced their decision to not go for a jumbo sized aircraft, 747. The second section of the report discusses about the risks that the company faces and how Airbus and Boeing need to manage their risk properly in order to have consistent profits in the long run. The importance of managing and identifying risks has been described in this section. The third section of the report discusses important stakeholders of both the aircraft manufacturing firms; Boeing and Airbus and analyses how they could impact the firm’s operations. Also stakeholders have been prioritised using a t heoretical framework to identify the level of their impact and their power to influence the firm’s operation. The fourth section of the report discusses the critical financial analysis of Boeing as it introduces a new fuel efficient plane and what impact the plane would make in the long run profitability of the firm. The report then gives recommendations for Airbus and Boeing

Research paper for Health Economics Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

For Health Economics - Research Paper Example If the medical profession is viewed as health care service being a public or civic activity, it can capture the true purposes of the service. The ethical practices of health care is a strong debate in this field of study and incorporates both the commercial aspects as well as the social and ethical aspects of health policies, health reforms, and moral medical practice meaningfully (Jennings and Hanson). 3 Introduction Health care is a debated topic in the current decade and the discussion over today's health care system revolves around the views that consider â€Å"health care services as commodities† (Jennings and Hanson). These debates involve discussions about how reforms can be brought about in this sector. This point of view takes care of the economic objectives of the reforms in the health care system but obscures the other portion of the purposes of providing efficient health care: the morally vital attributes of the medical profession and the health care provision. If the medical profession is viewed as health care service being a public or civic activity, it can capture the true purposes of the service. ... The price of these products and their availability are specific characteristics making them similar to other normal economic commodities. Although these characteristics are advantageous for some consumers in the US that have coverage of health insurance and also for those that manufacture medicines and medical equipment, the specificity of the characteristics places other parties, such as uninsured consumers and the government, at a disadvantageous position. Racial disparities play an important role in the status of the health care system in the US and are considered as an unrelenting and disconcerting problem for the country. Health status of the average population in a country reflects the economic health of the country, and it is a serious problem since ample policy efforts have yet not been able to rectify the situation. On the contrary, African-Americans and other ethnic and racial minorities are often reported to receive less than the desired level of care. The quality of medic al attention also differs from the care received by their white skinned counterparts (Jha). This makes the situation worse. The hypothesis made in this context is that racial disparities can be eliminated and a better health care system can be established in the States. The questions studied through this research are: what causes these disparities to exist and what steps might be taken in order to do away with the gap and reduce the disproportion in the country’s health system. The study has been carried out by collecting secondary data and making qualitative analysis of the same. Secondary resources available on online and print media such as books, journals, newspapers and online articles,

Forms of Business Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Forms of Business - Research Paper Example Tinker & Tailor’s Home Security Service. (LP) In this form, the limitation of liability is provided to the limited partners, i.e. those not actively participating in business activities while others have the unlimited personal liability. Tinker & Tailor’s Home Security Service, Inc. (corporation) Corporations provide limited liability to the owners of the business thus protecting from being personally liable. Tinker & Tailor’s Home Security Service, LLC. (LLC) The owners or members are not personally liable in this form of business. The personal liability may not be limited in sole proprietorship as well as the general partnership forms of business. But in case of general partnership, it may be made limited by registering the establishment as a limited liability partnership that provides safeguard from being personally liable in case of negligence of other partners but does not provides protection from debts or breach of contracts lawsuits. However, if a partner is not being actively involved in the business, he/she may also limit their liability by registering the establishment as limited partnership that offers limitations on the liability of non active members of the partnership. In case of Corporation as well as Limited liability corporations there is no need to change the business form in order to limit one’s liability as these business forms provide limited liability to the owners. In case of corporations, the liability is limited on the basis that ‘corporations’ are legally considered to be a separate entity from their owners and hence all the liabilities regarding business are dealt and managed by corporate assets only. b. I am engaged in a book selling business and run my business using a sole proprietorship form of business. My business is solely based on my own money hence it is solely owned by me. I tried to operate it as a partnership but was unable to find an appropriate partner so I decided to invest my ow n finances and start business. My book stall provides new as well used books. The books are either purchased from the suppliers but in case of used books, they are often donated by my class mates, friends, relatives and neighbors. Since being a small store it was not easy to expand it in the initial stage thus being the fundamental business form, sole proprietorship was adopted by me. If somehow any other individual may show interest in sharing my business, I may ensure that the business is expanded from a book stall to a book store. Since being a part time worker, it'll enable the stall to be operative full time. All of the partners share equal authority; therefore, I’ll ensure that my potential partner invests in an equal amount of money in the business. Although this form of business does not offers limited liability and each of us in case of any debt or breach of contract will be equally personally liable to the losses. Besides the significant risk offered by this form of business of personal liability, it enables the management of the business affairs by each partner. Moreover, it also protects from the disbursement of business earnings in the form of taxes, as the partners in a partnership are not employees. However each of the partners has to pay taxes from his/her share of profits share (income or loss) admitted on income tax return of each of the partners and levied a tax at corporate or at the personal rate. The main aspect of this form of business is the ease of formation and it may also be converted into limited liability partnership in case if the unlimited liability is desired to be avoided in case of other

Topic is a case study of the hacking of Sony Playstation that occurred Term Paper

Topic is a case study of the hacking of Sony Playstation that occurred in April 2011 - Term Paper Example The personal details that the hackers took if traded on via online black-markets rendered a likely value of ?100 million. The hit upon the Sony PlayStation System was aided by the absence of a unsystematic digit in the set of rules employed by the system security therein. This eventually permitted the clandestine key employed for the fortification of digitized content on the network to be located. Sony made a critical mistake. The safety systems in position inside the Sony correspondingly left a lot to be anticipated. The establishment failed to safeguard the systems via firewalls. Use of web applications that were archaic made Sony sites appealing victims for hacking pursuit. Outmoded Apache versions for the Web server were operational besides no patches had been applied on the PlayStation system. Lack of a firewall operating on the PlayStation system servers could have prompted ease of hackers to break into Sony’s system. The other reason as to why the breach took place was that there existed problems at the board level inside Sony Corporation. There was structural intricacy and a deficiency of ample backing for safekeeping. It is unknown, precisely what safety precautions Sony had in position prior to the infringement. Nonetheless, structural complacency correspondingly played a role during the PlayStation System hits. ... computer websites and networks are typically so well secured such that even the best advanced hacker habitually has to devote hours attempting to get a pathway in past the safety measures. A greatly easier victim is the comparatively latest technologies for instance; gaming devices for example, the Sony PlayStation, tablet PCs, and mobile phones. These machineries do not possess identical level of defense as the ordinary PC networks applying protected networks and firewalls. Sony necessitates little overview as one of the globe leading digital showbiz brands, along with a huge collection of hypermedia content. A significant emphasis for Sony is its division of gaming, Sony Computer Showbiz, a key video game establishment focusing in a multiplicity of parts in the industry of video game. The PSN (PlayStation Network) is a wired multiplayer gaming digital channel delivery service and to utilize the service, customers must create accounts. The recent concerns with the PlayStation System , in which thousands of accounts were broken into, is an indication that hackers are attempting, and succeeding in hacking and stealing personal information from hundreds of paying clients. The security was so lapse such that the single way Sony could avoid the glitch from reoccurring eventually was to shut down the gaming system for a number of weeks. As indicated on June 6, 2011 by New York Times, Sony would possibly take ages to repair their safety issues for the servers, website and database in the Sony substructure. In contrast to Microsoft, a corporation, which has had ages in the manner of improving safety, Sony is very overdue concerning safety of their fundamental services. Analysis Sony was taken on in several of areas, together with their website, gaming and network platform.

Newspaper Portrayals of Boris Johnson in the British Newspapers Literature review

Newspaper Portrayals of Boris Johnson in the British Newspapers - Literature review Example Naturally, the arms of government are defined as the legislative, judiciary and executive. Each of these has a constitutional role that they play in the democratic practice of government. To this end, it is these three arms of government that are officially accepted for all or any former duties (Angel, 2012). But as times went by in the practice of freedom of expression and freedom of the press through the provisions of democratic governance, the media was one area that was seen to have taken so much advantage of the provision, making its impact felt in almost every aspect of British life. It was for this reason that the media its self and the public started referring to the media as the fourth arm of government, necessary for undertaking the role of correcting and directing the society; especially government. Research has showed that one of the best and most favorable conditions that make it possible for the British media to have such influential role in British society is because m edia practice has been clearly diversified in Britain (Gunter, 2000). What this means is that in almost every aspect of social practice, there is a line of media practice that caters for that aspect. For example in it will be noted that Britain is a socio-cultural community with the people following social passions such as religion, sports, politics, economics, tourism, show business, education, and the likes. For each of these areas also, there will be a kind of media outlet that clearly distinct itself in providing the needed information that followers of the said passion seek after (Williams and Carpini, 2000). There is another school of thought that states that the role of media in British society could be grouped into three major key functions and these are to entertain, educate and inform society (Berger, 1991). What this means is that the media in Britain is responsible to offering entertainment to the society through the combination of a number of society paradigms including show business and sports. The media is also expected to educate the society by providing authentic and unadulterated facts that correspond to current and historic issues. Finally, the media informs the public by bringing them up to date with what takes place in Britain as a country and the international world. 1.2 Media and politics In Britain, the media and politics are both considered as independent and interrelated. As far as independence is concerned, it can be said that both the media and politics are considered as two agencies that have extremely different roles to play in society (Dimmick, 1974). Each of these can also play its role without necessarily needing support or help from the other. Between the two agencies, this phenomenon of independence of the media and politics has generally been in place as a means of ensuring fairness in the delivery of their duties. Studies have actually showed that when the media does its work in a manner that it needs no support and assista nce from any political personality or political party, it is possible that the media can go about its tasks more fairly and devoid of any political favouritism and biases that may be seen in various reportage as a form of payback for any good done to the media by the political agency (Dennis, 2000). In the same way, when politicians go about their roles in a manner that clearly shows that they do not need any assistance from the media to survive, it is possible for